How is Otosclerosis Disease Treated?

What is Otosclerosis?

Otosclerosis is a hearing loss condition characterized by abnormal growth of the bones in the inner ear. This condition affects the stirrup bone (stapes) in the inner ear and restricts its movement, causing hearing loss.

In normal hearing, sound waves travel through the auricle, into the external auditory canal and then into the middle ear. Three small bones in the middle ear (the hammer, anvil and stirrup) work to transmit sound to the inner ear. The stirrup connects to the oval window of the inner ear and acts as a bridge that transmits sound vibrations to the inner ear.

In otosclerosis, however, excessive ossification occurs at the base of the stirrup. This bone growth reduces the flexibility of the stirrup and prevents sound vibrations from being properly transmitted to the inner ear. The result can be hearing loss and, in some cases, tinnitus.

Otosclerosis is usually associated with a genetic predisposition and is more common in women, usually between the ages of 20 and 40. Factors such as pregnancy, hormonal changes, high fever, certain infections and head trauma can trigger or worsen the symptoms of otosclerosis.

Otosclerosis Disease Treatment

Treatment of otosclerosis usually involves surgical intervention.

The following surgical treatment options can be used to alleviate or correct hearing loss:

Stapedectomy: In this procedure, the part of the base with abnormal bone growth is completely removed and replaced with a prosthesis. The prosthesis acts as a stirrup bone and continues to transmit sound vibrations to the inner ear. Stapedectomy is usually performed before complete hearing loss occurs.

Stapedotomy: Stapedotomy is a procedure similar to stapedectomy. The base of the ossicle with abnormal bone growth is not removed, but a hole is drilled and a prosthesis is placed in its place. The decision is based on the degree of hearing loss and the patient’s condition.

After surgical treatment, the patient usually needs to rest for a few days or weeks and focus on recovery. The hearing level usually does not improve immediately after surgery and may normalize for some time. It is important to follow the doctor’s recommendations and attend regular follow-up visits.

Hearing aids may also be an option for some patients who are unsuitable or reluctant to undergo surgery. Hearing aids are used to compensate for hearing loss and improve auditory communication.

The most appropriate treatment method for each patient will depend on factors such as the severity of symptoms, the degree of hearing loss, the patient’s general health and personal preferences. An otolaryngologist or audiologist will evaluate the patient and provide the best information to recommend the appropriate treatment option.